Pronunciation: [dˈɛnɪkə] (IPA) 
Deniker (IPA: dɛniːkər) is a surname that originated in France. The word is spelled with a "D" followed by an "E", which is pronounced as an "ɛ" sound, as in "bed". The letter "N" is pronounced as an "n" sound, and the following "I" is pronounced as an "iː" sound, as in "we". The next "K" is pronounced with a hard "k" sound, and the final "ER" is pronounced as an "ər" or "ur" sound, as in "butter" or "nurse".
Deniker refers to the surname of Joseph Deniker, a French anthropologist and ethnographer who made significant contributions to the field of physical anthropology in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Born in 1852 and passed away in 1918, Deniker dedicated his career to studying human racial and ethnic differences, focusing on craniometry and racial classifications.
Deniker's work can be characterized as typological, as he aimed to classify and categorize human populations based on physical traits. He developed his own classification system, proposing various racial groups and subgroups. Deniker's classification scheme often emphasized cranial and facial measurements, as well as other physical attributes, to differentiate one racial group from another.
His most notable work, "The Races of Man," published in 1900, outlined his theories and classification system in great detail. Although Deniker's work was influential during his time and contributed to the development of racial studies, it is important to note that his views and methodologies have since been heavily criticized and discredited.
Today, Deniker is primarily recognized within the historical context of anthropology and serves as a reminder of the evolution of the field and the debates surrounding race and human classification. His contributions, although controversial, serve as a foundation upon which modern anthropologists have built more nuanced and scientifically rigorous understandings of human diversity.
