Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) is a severe and potentially fatal form of dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus, primarily transmitted by certain species of mosquitoes. It is characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure (hypotension) leading to shock, which may result in organ failure and death if not promptly treated.
DSS typically occurs in individuals who have experienced a previous infection with a different strain of the dengue virus, making them more susceptible. The disease progression involves three phases: febrile, critical, and recovery. The febrile phase initially presents with symptoms akin to a normal flu, including fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, and rash. However, as the disease progresses into the critical phase, warning signs such as abdominal pain, vomiting, bleeding, and respiratory distress may appear alongside the drop in blood pressure.
Due to the severe shock and potential organ failure associated with DSS, immediate medical attention is critical. Treatment focuses on rehydration through intravenous fluids, as well as close monitoring of vital signs, particularly blood pressure, and supportive care for complications that may arise. Early recognition of the warning signs and proper medical management significantly improve the chances of survival.
Prevention of DSS involves controlling the mosquito population and reducing exposure to mosquito bites through the use of insect repellents and protective clothing. Awareness campaigns, public education, and community efforts also play a crucial role in preventing the spread of dengue fever and reducing the incidence of DSS cases.
