Delta virus, also known as hepatitis D virus (HDV), is a small RNA virus that is responsible for causing an aggressive form of hepatitis known as hepatitis delta or delta hepatitis. HDV is considered a defective virus as it relies on coinfection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) to replicate and manifest as a disease.
Delta virus is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood or other body fluids, or through sexual contact. In regions where hepatitis B is endemic, such as parts of Africa, Asia, and the Amazon basin, delta virus infections are commonly found. The virus can infect individuals either as a coinfection, where both HDV and HBV are acquired simultaneously, or a superinfection, where an individual with chronic hepatitis B acquires hepatitis D, leading to more severe liver disease.
Delta virus infections often result in more severe outcomes compared to HBV alone. This is attributed to the ability of HDV to suppress HBV replication, leading to a decline in liver function. Chronic delta hepatitis can progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, increasing the risk of mortality.
Current management options for delta virus infections are limited. Treatment generally involves the use of interferon alfa, which has shown some efficacy in selected patients. Prevention of delta virus infection is primarily achieved through hepatitis B vaccination, as HDV infection can only occur in individuals who are already infected with HBV.
In conclusion, delta virus or hepatitis D virus is a small RNA virus that causes an aggressive form of hepatitis. It is reliant on simultaneous infection with hepatitis B virus and is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood or body fluids. Delta virus infections often lead to severe liver disease and are prevalent in areas where hepatitis B is endemic.
