Deer fly fever, also known as tularemia or rabbit fever, is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected deer flies, but can also be contracted through the handling of infected animal tissues, ingestion of contaminated water or food, or inhalation of the bacterium.
Symptoms of deer fly fever typically appear within 3 to 5 days after exposure and can vary depending on the route of transmission. Common signs and symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. In more severe cases, individuals may experience chest pain, cough, difficulty breathing, and gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting.
If left untreated, deer fly fever can potentially lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia or bloodstream infection. It is essential to seek medical attention promptly to prevent further progression of the disease. Diagnosis usually involves laboratory tests to identify the presence of Francisella tularensis in samples taken from the patient.
Treatment for deer fly fever is mainly based on the administration of antibiotics, particularly streptomycin or gentamicin, which are effective in combating the bacterium. However, early detection is crucial for successful treatment outcomes.
Preventive measures to avoid deer fly fever primarily involve reducing exposure to infected flies and their habitats. This includes wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and avoiding areas with high deer fly populations. It is also important to handle and cook wild game meat properly to prevent bacterial contamination, and to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly after any contact with animals or their environments.
