DEEP FOUNDATION Meaning and
Definition
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Deep foundation refers to a type of structural foundation that is constructed beneath the ground surface in order to provide substantial support and stability for large or heavy structures. It is commonly used when the surface soil or rock is unable to adequately support the load of the building or when the structure needs to be anchored into deeper and more stable strata.
One of the main characteristics of a deep foundation is that it transfers the load of the building vertically through the weaker, upper layers of soil to the stronger, deeper layers. This is achieved by utilizing the resistance, or bearing capacity, of these deeper layers to support the weight of the structure. Deep foundation systems rely on several engineering techniques and technologies, such as piles, caissons, and drilled shafts.
There are various types of deep foundations, each designed and chosen based on the specific ground conditions and the requirements of the structure to be supported. Piles, for instance, are long, slender structural elements made of steel, concrete, or timber that are driven into the ground using specialized techniques. Caissons, on the other hand, are watertight, open-ended structures typically made of reinforced concrete, and are sunk into the ground with the aid of drilling and excavation methods.
Deep foundations play a crucial role in ensuring the stability, safety, and durability of large structures, such as high-rise buildings, bridges, and industrial facilities. By distributing the load over a larger area and reaching more stable soil or rock layers, these foundations minimize the risk of settlement, tilting, or structural failure, effectively providing a solid base for the construction above ground.
Etymology of DEEP FOUNDATION
The word "deep foundation" has a straightforward etymology. Here, "deep" refers to something that is far down or extending far beneath the surface, and "foundation" refers to the lower part of a building or structure that provides support and stability. Therefore, a "deep foundation" is a type of foundation that is designed to be installed deep into the ground, generally below the level of shallow soils, in order to transfer the load of the structure to a more competent and stable layer.
