The spelling of the word "decision problem" is straightforward, with each syllable sounding as one might expect. The first syllable is pronounced /dɪˈsɪʒən/, and the second is pronounced /ˈprɒbləm/. The "s" in "decision" is pronounced as "z" due to the "i" following it. The "o" in "problem" is pronounced as a short "o" sound, as in "pot" or "got". This term refers to a problem that can be solved by a decision-making algorithm and is commonly studied in computer science and mathematics.
A decision problem, in computer science and mathematics, is a specific type of computational problem that requires a yes-or-no answer based on a given input. It involves determining whether a certain property or condition holds for a given input or set of inputs. Decision problems are fundamental in the study of algorithms, complexity theory, and computability.
Formally, a decision problem can be described as a binary relation R between inputs and outputs, where for each input, the relation determines whether the output is "yes" or "no." The goal is to find an algorithm or process that can correctly determine the answer for any given input.
Decision problems can vary in complexity, ranging from simple problems with efficient algorithms to undecidable problems with no algorithm that can solve them for all inputs. Complexity theory classifies decision problems based on their computational difficulty, typically measured by the amount of resources, such as time or space, required to solve them.
Decision problems find applications in various fields, including computer science, mathematics, artificial intelligence, and optimization. They are often used as fundamental building blocks for designing and analyzing algorithms, or as theoretical tools to understand the limits and capabilities of computational systems.
In summary, a decision problem is a specific type of computational problem that seeks a yes-or-no answer based on a given input. It involves determining whether a certain property or condition holds for the given input, and serves as a foundational concept in the study of algorithms, complexity theory, and computability.
The word "decision problem" originated in the field of mathematics, particularly in the area of computability theory. The term was first introduced by the German mathematician David Hilbert in the 1928 conference on "Mathematical Problems" in Bologna, Italy.
The etymology of the word itself can be broken down as follows:
1. Decision: The term "decision" comes from the Latin word "decidere", which means "to cut off" or "to determine". It refers to the act of making a choice or reaching a conclusion.
2. Problem: The word "problem" has its roots in the Greek word "problema", which means "something thrown forward" or "a question to be answered". It refers to a situation or issue that requires a solution.
When combined, "decision problem" refers to a specific type of problem that requires making a decision or determining the answer.