Decadentism refers to a cultural and literary movement that emerged in the late 19th century in Europe, particularly France, and lasted until the early 20th century. The term "decadentism" is derived from the French word "décadence," meaning decline or decay. It is characterized by a pessimistic and morbid fascination with the decline of society, artifice, and the pursuit of pleasure.
In the realm of literature, decadentism was marked by an emphasis on extravagant and sensory descriptions, often exploring themes of ennui, degeneration, and the macabre. Decadent writers and poets sought to depict the inner turmoil and existential angst of their characters through elaborate and decadent language, influenced by symbolism and aestheticism. They questioned the prevailing social and moral values, rejecting the notion of progress and celebrating a life of excess and indulgence.
In addition to literature, decadentism influenced various other artistic disciplines such as painting, music, and architecture. Visual artists sought to capture the decline and debauchery of society through decadent and stylized representations, often focusing on themes such as eroticism and death.
Decadentism is often seen as a response to the rapid industrialization and social upheaval of the era. It can be considered a reaction to the perceived strictness and rigidity of the previous Victorian era, breaking away from traditional norms and embracing the allure of individualism and emotional expression.
Today, decadentism remains a notable cultural and artistic movement that continues to inspire and provoke contemplation on the fragility of human existence, the nature of beauty, and the complex relationship between society and the individual.
