De Quervain disease, also known as De Quervain tenosynovitis, is a medical condition that primarily affects the tendons on the side of the wrist. It is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the tendons that control the movement of the thumb. The tendons involved in this condition are the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis.
Individuals with De Quervain disease typically experience pain and discomfort when performing activities that require grasping, pinching, or twisting motions of the wrist and thumb. The affected area may appear swollen, tender to the touch, and exhibit limited range of motion. The pain associated with this condition may radiate from the wrist up the forearm.
The causes of De Quervain disease can vary, but it is commonly attributed to repetitive motions, especially activities requiring repetitive thumb use, such as excessive typing, using a computer mouse, gardening, or playing certain musical instruments. Additionally, hormonal changes, pre-existing inflammatory conditions, or direct injury to the wrist may contribute to the development of this condition.
Treatment for De Quervain disease typically involves a combination of rest, avoiding aggravating activities, applying ice packs, and wearing a splint or brace to immobilize the thumb and wrist. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended to reduce pain and swelling. Physical therapy exercises that focus on strengthening and stretching the muscles and tendons of the wrist and thumb can also be beneficial. In more severe cases, corticosteroid injections or surgical intervention may be necessary.
With appropriate treatment and management, the prognosis for De Quervain disease is generally favorable, and most individuals experience a significant reduction in pain and improvement in range of motion.
