DAVID MCCLELLAND Meaning and
Definition
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David McClelland (1917-1998) was an American psychologist known for his extensive research in the field of motivation and achievement. McClelland's contributions to psychology include the development of the Achievement Motivation Theory and his work on needs for power and affiliation.
McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory asserts that individuals are driven by three fundamental needs: achievement, power, and affiliation. The need for achievement refers to an individual's desire to set and accomplish challenging goals, demonstrating a preference for success and readiness to take risks. The need for power involves one's drive to influence and control others, seeking social recognition and authority. The need for affiliation denotes the desire to establish close, harmonious relationships and to be accepted by others.
McClelland's research focused on identifying these needs in individuals and explaining their impact on behavior and performance. He believed that these needs are shaped by early life experiences and societal influences, and can be assessed through various psychological tests.
Furthermore, McClelland's studies examined achievement motivation in different cultures and its implications for economic development. He suggested that cultures that foster a high need for achievement are more likely to promote entrepreneurship and innovation.
Overall, David McClelland's contributions to the field of psychology, particularly in the areas of motivation and achievement, have provided valuable insights into human behavior and how it is influenced by internal drives and external factors.
