Datagram is a computer networking term that refers to a unit of data that is transmitted from one device to another. The word is spelled as 'deitəɡræm' in IPA phonetic transcription. The first syllable is pronounced as "dayt" with a long vowel "a" and the stress on the first syllable. The second syllable is pronounced as "uh" with a schwa vowel sound, and the third syllable is pronounced as "gram" with the stress on the second syllable. The spelling of this word follows the rules of English phonetics and usage.
A datagram refers to a distinct unit of information that is transmitted as a whole across a network. It is a self-contained, independent data structure that carries both the necessary source and destination address information, as well as the payload or content data.
In computer networking, a datagram represents a specific implementation of the network layer protocol such as IP (Internet Protocol). It is often associated with connectionless communication, where data is sent as a series of individually addressed packets with no guaranteed order or delivery verification. The concept of a datagram allows for decentralized and scalable network communication, as each packet can be routed independently through the network.
A typical datagram format includes a header section that holds the necessary control information, including source and destination addresses, packet length, and error checking codes such as checksums. The payload section follows the header and carries the actual data meant to be transmitted.
Datagrams are commonly used in the transport of various types of network traffic, such as voice, video, and data, over the internet or other computer networks. They enable the efficient and reliable delivery of information by breaking it into smaller, manageable units that can traverse different routes and be reassembled at the destination.
The word "datagram" is a blend of "data" and "telegram".
The term was first used in the early 1970s in the context of computer networking. It was coined by Wesley Clark, an American computer scientist and engineer, while working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on the ARPANET project. ARPANET was an early pioneering computer network that laid the foundation for what would become the modern internet.
Clark needed a term to describe a self-contained unit of data that could be transmitted over the network independently. He combined the word "data" (referring to digital information) with "telegram" (a message sent via electric telegraph or teleprinter) to create the word "datagram". The term was introduced to facilitate a specific concept related to network communication, referring to a packet of information that can be independently routed and transmitted through a network.