Cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE), also known as cystathionine gamma-synthase or cystathionine gamma-synthetase, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the transsulfuration pathway, which is involved in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. CSE is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of cystathionine to cysteine, an important amino acid in the body.
In more technical terms, CSE is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that hydrolyzes cystathionine into homocysteine and cysteine. This enzymatic reaction is essential for maintaining appropriate levels of cysteine, which is required for the synthesis of various proteins and biomolecules involved in numerous physiological processes.
CSE is primarily expressed in tissues with high metabolic activity, such as the liver, kidneys, and brain. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homocysteine and cysteine homeostasis, and disruptions in CSE activity have been associated with several pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer.
In addition to its role in cysteine synthesis, CSE also produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a byproduct. H2S is recognized as a gasotransmitter and is involved in various physiological processes, such as vasorelaxation, inflammation, and cell signaling.
Overall, Cystathionine gamma lyase is an important enzyme in sulfur amino acid metabolism, contributing to the synthesis of cysteine and the production of hydrogen sulfide, both of which play critical roles in maintaining proper cellular function and overall health.
