CVID, or Common Variable Immune Deficiency, is a medical condition characterized by a group of immune system disorders that affect the body's ability to fight infections. It is considered a primary immunodeficiency disorder, meaning it is usually inherent and typically present from birth or early childhood.
In individuals with CVID, there is a deficiency or dysfunction in certain immune cells, namely B cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies that help recognize and neutralize harmful pathogens like bacteria and viruses. This impairment results in a weakened immune response, making individuals more susceptible to recurrent and severe infections, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
Symptoms of CVID may vary among individuals but commonly include frequent respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, sinusitis, and bronchitis, as well as gastrointestinal infections, skin infections, and recurring ear infections. Some affected individuals may also experience autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or digestive disorders.
Diagnosis of CVID involves various tests, including blood tests to measure immunoglobulin levels and evaluate B-cell function. Treatment for CVID mainly focuses on regular infusions of immunoglobulin replacements to provide the immune system with the necessary antibodies. Antibiotics, antiviral medications, and other supportive therapies may also be prescribed to manage infections and associated symptoms.
While there is no cure for CVID, early diagnosis and proper management can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with this condition, reducing the impact of infections and minimizing complications. Continuous monitoring by healthcare professionals is essential to ensure optimal immune function and prevent potential long-term consequences.
