Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a group of rare cancers that affect the skin and occur due to the uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes called T cells within the skin. These lymphomas are characterized by the accumulation of malignant T cells in the skin and present as various types, including mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS).
Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of CTCL. It typically manifests as patches, plaques, or tumor-like nodules on the skin, resembling fungal infections (hence its name). These lesions often appear in areas not exposed to sunlight and can cause itching, redness, scaling, and ulceration. In advanced stages, the lymphoma may spread to lymph nodes, blood, and internal organs.
Sézary syndrome is a more aggressive form of CTCL characterized by widespread redness of the skin (erythroderma), intense itching, and the presence of malignant T cells in the blood (called Sézary cells). Patients with SS often experience systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and fatigue. The disease progression can lead to complications like infections and immunosuppression.
Treatment options for cutaneous T cell lymphomas depend on the stage and severity of the disease. They include topical medications, phototherapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Often, a combination of treatments is used to manage the condition and provide symptom relief. Close monitoring and long-term follow-up are essential since cutaneous T cell lymphomas can be chronic and recur even after successful treatment.
