CTSB stands for Cathepsin B, a protein-coding gene that is responsible for producing an enzyme called cathepsin B. Cathepsins are a family of lysosomal proteases, which means they are enzymes that break down proteins in the lysosomes (small organelles within cells). Cathepsin B is specifically recognized as a cysteine protease, using a cysteine residue in its active site to carry out its enzymatic function.
The primary role of CTSB is in the degradation and recycling of proteins. It helps to maintain cellular homeostasis by breaking down damaged or unnecessary proteins into smaller components for reuse within the cell. In addition, cathepsin B is involved in several physiological processes, including protein processing, antigen presentation, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling.
Apart from its normal physiological functions, CTSB has also been implicated in various pathological conditions. Dysregulation of cathepsin B activity has been associated with diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. It has been found to play a role in tumor invasion and metastasis, as well as in neuronal cell death in conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
In summary, CTSB, or Cathepsin B, is a protein-coding gene that produces an enzyme involved in protein degradation and recycling within lysosomes. It plays crucial roles in various physiological processes, but its dysregulation can contribute to the development and progression of several diseases.
