CTGF, short for Connective Tissue Growth Factor, is a secreted protein that belongs to the CCN family of matricellular signaling proteins. It plays a vital role in mediating various cellular processes, primarily involved in the development and maintenance of connective tissues. CTGF acts as a key regulator in several biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and differentiation.
CTGF is expressed in a wide range of tissues including bone, kidney, liver, lung, and skin. It is predominantly produced and secreted by fibroblast cells, but its expression can also be found in other cell types such as epithelial and endothelial cells. As a signaling molecule, CTGF acts through binding to specific cell surface receptors to activate downstream intracellular signaling pathways.
The function of CTGF can vary depending on the tissue and cellular context. It is involved in the regulation of collagen synthesis, which is crucial for maintaining the structure and integrity of connective tissues. CTGF also promotes the production of extracellular matrix components, promotes angiogenesis and wound healing, and has been implicated in fibrotic conditions.
The dysregulation of CTGF expression has been associated with various diseases, including fibrosis, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Its aberrant expression can contribute to pathological tissue remodeling, leading to tissue dysfunction and impaired organ function.
Overall, CTGF is a multifunctional protein involved in mediating several cellular processes and has a significant impact on tissue development, homeostasis, and diseases associated with connective tissues.
