Cruveilhier Baumgarten syndrome, also known as Cruveilhier-Baumgarten disease or portal hypertension gastropathy, is a medical condition characterized by the development of abnormal blood vessels in the stomach lining as a result of portal hypertension. Portal hypertension refers to increased blood pressure in the portal vein, which is responsible for carrying blood from the intestines to the liver.
In Cruveilhier Baumgarten syndrome, elevated pressure in the portal vein causes blood to seek alternate pathways, leading to the formation of abnormal blood vessels called portosystemic collaterals. These collaterals bypass the liver and channel blood directly into the stomach lining, resulting in gastric vascular engorgement.
Common symptoms of Cruveilhier Baumgarten syndrome include chronic gastrointestinal bleeding, which may manifest as black, tarry stools (melena) or vomiting of blood (hematemesis). These symptoms can potentially lead to anemia and iron deficiency. Additionally, individuals with this syndrome may experience abdominal pain, discomfort, and distension.
The precise cause of Cruveilhier Baumgarten syndrome is often attributed to underlying liver diseases that cause portal hypertension, such as cirrhosis or hepatitis. Treatment for this condition generally focuses on managing the underlying cause and reducing portal hypertension. This may involve medications to reduce blood pressure, procedures to minimize bleeding, or, in severe cases, liver transplantation.
