CPPD, also known as calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, is a term that refers to the crystal deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in the joints. It is a common condition characterized by the accumulation of these crystals in the joint spaces, leading to inflammation and subsequent joint pain and stiffness. CPPD can affect various joints, but it most commonly affects the knees, wrists, shoulders, and hips.
The formation of CPPD crystals is typically associated with aging and is more prevalent in individuals over the age of 60. However, other factors such as metabolic disorders, genetic predisposition, and joint trauma can also contribute to the development of CPPD. The exact mechanisms underlying the crystal deposition are not fully understood, but dysregulation of the body's calcium metabolism is thought to play a significant role.
The symptoms of CPPD can vary in severity, ranging from mild joint discomfort to acute episodes of intense pain and swelling, often referred to as pseudogout. The diagnosis of CPPD is usually made through imaging tests, such as X-rays, and the examination of joint fluid to identify the presence of calcium pyrophosphate crystals.
Treatment for CPPD primarily focuses on managing the symptoms and preventing flare-ups. This may involve the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain and inflammation, as well as lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a healthy weight and engaging in regular exercise, to support joint health. In some cases, joint aspiration or surgical intervention may be necessary to remove excess fluid or damaged tissue.
