Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) is a plant virus that belongs to the Comovirus genus in the family Secoviridae. It primarily affects leguminous plants, such as cowpea, common bean, and soybean, but can also infect other plant species. CPMV is transmitted through infected seeds, mechanical contact, and by aphids in a non-persistent manner.
The virus particles are composed of two icosahedral capsids, known as the S and M capsids, which encapsidate the viral RNA genome. CPMV has a bipartite genome consisting of two positive-sense RNA molecules. The S RNA encodes non-structural proteins involved in viral replication, movement, and encapsidation, while the M RNA is responsible for encoding the viral coat protein.
Infected plants exhibit a range of symptoms, including mosaic patterns on leaves, leaf distortion, stunting, and yellowing. Yield losses can occur due to reduced photosynthesis and impaired nutrient transport. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the host plant, viral strain, and environmental conditions.
Control measures for CPMV mainly involve the use of virus-free seed, as well as cultural practices such as crop rotation and weed control to reduce sources of infection. Some resistant varieties have been developed through breeding programs, offering an additional management strategy. Additionally, monitoring and control of aphid vectors can help minimize the spread of CPMV.
In summary, Cowpea Mosaic Virus is a plant virus that infects leguminous plants, causing a variety of symptoms and potential yield losses.
