Pronunciation: [kˈa͡ʊntəskˌɑːp] (IPA) 
Counterscarp is spelled with a "c" in the middle and not a "t" despite the word "scarp" having a "t" in the middle. This is because "counterscarp" is a compound word made up of two separate words, "counter" and "scarp", each retaining their original spelling. Phonetic transcription of "counterscarp" is /ˈkaʊntərskɑːrp/, with the stressed syllables being "count" and "scarp".
Counterscarp is a term used in the field of fortification and military architecture. It refers to a defensive feature or structure found in a fort, fortress, or any fortified structure. The counterscarp is the outer slope or face of a ditch or moat that surrounds a fortress, situated opposite to the scarp, which is the inner or vertical side of the ditch. Together, the scarp and the counterscarp form the defensive elements of a moat.
In practical terms, the counterscarp is designed to impede and obstruct any direct assault on the fortress. Its sloping and often rugged terrain makes it difficult for the enemy to climb or access the fortification through the moat. The counterscarp often includes structures like ramparts, walls, or bastions to increase the defense of the fortress.
Counterscarp can also be used in contemporary contexts with a broader meaning. It can refer to the outer side or slope of any ditch, whether fortified or not, that exists to serve a drainage or landscaping purpose. In this context, counterscarp can be found in civil engineering projects such as road construction or irrigation systems.
Overall, counterscarp is a term associated with fortifications and refers to the outer slope or structure of a moat or ditch. It plays a crucial role in fortifying a structure by hindering enemy advances and enhancing the defensive capabilities of a fortified position.
In a fortified place, the slope of the ditch next the enemy, often the whole covered way which surmounts it.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "counterscarp" has its roots in military fortifications. It is derived from Middle French "contrescarpe", which originated from the combination of the prefixes "contre-" meaning "against" or "opposite" and "escarpe" meaning "slope" or "scarp". "Escarpe" can be traced back to the Italian word "scarpa", meaning "shoe" or "slope". In the context of fortifications, the "scarp" refers to the steep artificial slope or wall facing outward, while the "counterscarp" is the sloping exterior side opposing the scarp. The term "counterscarp" came into use in the 17th century to describe the outer slope or wall protecting the ditch of a fortification from assault.
