CORTICAL COLUMNS Meaning and
Definition
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Cortical columns refer to specialized functional units within the cerebral cortex of the brain that are believed to play a fundamental role in processing sensory information and generating complex behaviors. These columns are vertical structural arrangements of neurons that span from the outermost layer (the cortex) to the inner parts of the brain, such as the white matter.
Cortical columns consist of groups of neurons that are highly interconnected and organized in a specific pattern, forming a cylindrical shape. The main distinguishing feature of these columns is their functional specialization, with each column being devoted to processing a particular type of sensory information. For example, there are separate columns in the visual cortex for processing color, motion, and shape.
The concept of cortical columns is closely linked to the notion of functional segregation in the brain, where different areas of the cortex are specialized for processing different types of sensory stimuli. This organization allows for efficient and parallel processing of information, as well as integration of information across different cortical areas.
Cortical columns are not static structures, but rather flexible and adaptive. They can change their functional properties through experience and learning, a phenomenon known as cortical plasticity. This plasticity allows the brain to adjust its processing capabilities in response to changing external and internal factors, enabling us to learn and adapt to our environment.
Etymology of CORTICAL COLUMNS
The word "cortical" comes from the Latin word "cortex", which means "bark" or "rind". It refers to the outer layer of an organ or structure, particularly in relation to the brain in this context.
The word "column" comes from the Latin word "columna", which means "pillar" or "shaft". It typically describes a vertical structure or support.
Therefore, the term "cortical columns" is a combination of both words, indicating vertical structures within the outer layer (cortex) of the brain. These columns are prevalent in the neocortex and are composed of groups of neurons that share functional properties.
