The cornea is a transparent, dome-shaped structure that forms the outermost layer of the eye. It serves as a protective covering and contributes to the overall focusing ability of the eye. Situated at the front part of the eye, it covers the colored portion (iris) and the round opening (pupil) in the center of the eye.
The cornea is composed of five layers, each with distinct functions. The epithelium, the outermost layer, protects the cornea from foreign particles and infectious agents. Underneath lies the Bowman's layer, which provides strength to the cornea. The stroma is the thickest layer, consisting of collagen fibers that give the cornea its shape and transparency. The Descemet's membrane provides support and nourishment to the cornea, while the innermost layer, known as the endothelium, helps maintain the clearness of the cornea by regulating fluid balance.
The primary function of the cornea is to refract and focus light entering the eye onto the lens, which further focuses the light onto the retina. This process facilitates clear vision by bending light rays in a specific way. Any abnormalities or damage to the cornea, such as injury, infections, diseases, or obesity, can impact its transparency and lead to blurred vision or even loss of vision.
Corneal transplantation, also known as a corneal graft, is a surgical procedure where a healthy cornea from a deceased donor is transplanted onto a recipient's eye. This procedure can restore vision to individuals with corneal disorders or damage.
