The spelling of the word "copperplate engraving" reflects its origin and components. "Copperplate" refers to the metal plate on which the image is engraved, and is spelled as /ˈkɒpəpleɪt/. "Engraving" refers to the process of carving the image onto the plate and is spelled as /ɪnˈɡreɪvɪŋ/. Together, the word is pronounced as /ˈkɒpəpleɪt ɪnˈɡreɪvɪŋ/. This technique has been used since the 16th century and continues to be used by artists and printers today.
Copperplate engraving refers to a traditional intaglio printmaking technique that involves incising an image or design onto a copper plate. This method is characterized by its intricate and delicate quality, known for producing fine lines, rich textures, and intricate detail. It is widely used in the field of printmaking, particularly during the Renaissance and Baroque periods.
To create a copperplate engraving, an engraver uses a sharp etching tool called a burin to meticulously carve directly onto the surface of a polished copper plate. The artist first draws the desired design onto the plate's surface, using various techniques such as cross-hatching or stippling to achieve different effects. The burin is then used to carefully incise the lines, following the design while controlling the depth and width of the lines.
Once the image is fully carved onto the plate, ink is applied to the grooves created by the burin, while the surface is wiped clean. The plate is then pressed onto a piece of dampened paper, transferring the inked image through the application of strong pressure. The result is a print that bears the detailed and intricate lines engraved into the copper plate.
Copperplate engravings have historically been highly regarded for their precision, refinement, and ability to capture intricate details. They have been commonly used in the production of illustrations, bookplates, currency, maps, and fine art prints. Today, while this technique has been largely replaced by modern printing methods, copperplate engravings remain revered for their historical significance and unique aesthetic appeal.
The word "copperplate engraving" is composed of two main elements: "copperplate" and "engraving".
The term "copperplate" refers to a thin sheet or plate made of copper, typically used for engravings or printing. It is derived from the Middle English word "coperplat", which combines "coper" (derived from Old English "copor") meaning "copper" and "plat" meaning "plate". This term eventually developed into "copperplate" in the late 16th century.
The word "engraving" originated from the Old French word "engraver", which is derived from the Latin word "in-" (meaning "in" or "into") and "graphium" (meaning "stylus" or "instrument for writing or drawing").