The spelling of "constructed language" can be explained using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The first syllable, "con", is pronounced with a short "o" sound, as in "hot" or "fog". The second syllable, "structed", contains two consonant sounds ("s" and "t") and ends with a long "ed" sound, as in "stressed" or "blessed". The final syllable, "language", begins with a "l" sound followed by a short "a" sound, as in "cat" or "map", and ends with a "j" sound, like the "g" in "garage" or "mirage".
Constructed language, also known as conlang, refers to a language that has been purposely created by an individual or a group of people, rather than one that has naturally evolved over time. It is an artificial language constructed to fulfill specific linguistic criteria or to serve various purposes, such as facilitating communication, expressing artistic or fictional concepts, or exploring linguistic theories.
Well-known examples of constructed languages include Esperanto, Klingon (from Star Trek), and Tolkien's Elvish languages. These languages are consciously designed from their phonology (sound systems), grammar (syntax and morphology), vocabulary, and even cultural or historical backgrounds.
Constructed languages can aim to be logical, more expressive, or address perceived inadequacies of natural languages. They can serve as experiments to explore particular linguistic features or to challenge existing conventions. Additionally, constructed languages can become part of constructed worlds, such as those found in science fiction or fantasy literature, adding depth and authenticity to the fictional settings.
The process of constructing a language can involve borrowing elements from existing languages, combining linguistic features, or inventing entirely new ones. The creators of constructed languages, often known as conlangers, may develop comprehensive grammars, dictionaries, writing systems, and even cultural attributes associated with their invented languages.
Constructed languages can offer benefits in terms of intercultural communication, linguistic research, artistic expression, and as a tool for fiction or gaming. They can also ignite intellectual curiosity, foster creativity, and provide an opportunity to reimagine the possibilities of human language.
The etymology of the word "constructed language" can be broken down as follows:
1. Constructed: The word "constructed" is derived from the Old French word "construire", which came from the Latin word "construere". "Construere" combines the prefix "con-" meaning "together" with "struere" meaning "to pile up" or "to build". Hence, "constructed" means "built" or "created".
2. Language: "Language" comes from the Old French word "langage", which also traces back to the Latin word "lingua". "Lingua" referred to both the physical organ of speech (tongue) as well as language itself. The word "language" primarily denotes the structured system of communication utilizing sounds, symbols, and rules to convey meaning.