Constitutional rights are the fundamental rights guaranteed to citizens under their country's constitution. The word "constitutional" is spelled /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ in IPA phonetic transcription. The first syllable "con" is pronounced with the vowel sound /ɒ/, while the second syllable "sti" is pronounced with the vowel sound /ɪ/. The stress is placed on the second syllable. The word "rights" is spelled /raɪts/ in IPA and pronounced with the vowel sound /aɪ/. The stress is on the first syllable. Together, the phrase "constitutional rights" is pronounced /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l raɪts/.
Constitutional rights are the fundamental and inalienable rights that are granted and protected by a country's constitution or its amendments. These rights are considered to be the foundation of a democratic society as they protect and guarantee individual freedoms and liberties against the actions of the government or any other entity that may seek to threaten or infringe upon them.
These rights typically include civil liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, as well as political rights, such as the right to vote and participate in political activities. Additionally, constitutional rights often encompass social and economic rights, such as the right to education, healthcare, and housing, depending on the specific provisions included in a particular country's constitution.
Constitutional rights are often legally enforceable and can be upheld through the judicial system. They serve as a check and balance against the government's power, ensuring that individuals are protected from any potential abuse of authority. These rights are not absolute and can be subject to limitations, provided they are justified and proportionate to achieve a legitimate purpose, such as protecting public safety or national security.
Constitutional rights play a crucial role in fostering equality, justice, and the rule of law within a society. They are designed to ensure that all individuals are treated fairly and have equal opportunities, regardless of their race, gender, religion, or social status. By recognizing and safeguarding these rights, a constitution acts as a fundamental document that establishes the principles and values that govern a nation and its citizens.
The word "constitutional" derives from the Latin term "constitutio", which means a law or ordinance. In its modern usage, "constitutional" pertains to a constitution, which refers to a system of fundamental principles or established precedents that guide the governance of a country. These principles are typically set out in a written document that outlines the rights, duties, powers, and structure of a government.
The term "rights" comes from the Old English word "riht", which means just, fair, or to straighten. The concept of rights emerged in medieval Europe, where it was associated with the legal and moral claims individuals possessed against both individuals and the state.
Thus, "constitutional rights" refers to the rights guaranteed or protected by a constitution.