The conquest of Wales by Edward I refers to the military campaign and subsequent annexation of Wales by King Edward I of England in the late 13th century. This significant event occurred between 1277 and 1283 and marked the final stage in the subjugation of Wales into the Kingdom of England.
Edward I sought to establish complete control over Wales due to political and strategic reasons. The indigenous Welsh princes resisted English authority, prompting Edward I to launch a series of military campaigns to bring Wales under his dominion. His first campaign in 1277 resulted in the submission of many Welsh rulers and the creation of the Statute of Rhuddlan, which established English common law in Wales.
However, Welsh resentment and rebellion persisted, leading Edward I to launch a second offensive in 1282. This campaign was more brutal and resulted in the destruction of many castles and the deaths of numerous Welsh citizens. The final stage of conquest culminated in the capture of the Welsh leader, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, and the subsequent execution of Llywelyn's brother and successor, Dafydd ap Gruffudd.
Following this conquest, Edward I introduced a series of policies, collectively referred to as the Statute of Wales, aimed at integrating Wales into the English legal and administrative systems. These measures included the establishment of English-style shire counties and the imposition of English common law. Additionally, Edward I ordered the construction of a series of highly fortified castles across Wales, known as the "Iron Ring," to reinforce English control.
The conquest of Wales by Edward I resulted in the annexation of Wales into the English monarchy and the subsequent integration of Welsh territories into the English legal and administrative systems. This event played a pivotal role in shaping the history and relationship between the Welsh
