Congenital Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) refer to abnormal tangles of blood vessels in the brain that are present from birth. This condition occurs when the arteries, which carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain, connect improperly with the veins, which bring oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart. Instead of a normal network of capillaries connecting arteries and veins, an AVM forms a direct connection between the two, which can result in abnormal blood flow patterns.
AVMs can vary in size and location within the brain, and their symptoms and severity can differ from person to person. Some individuals may experience no symptoms at all, while others may have severe neurological problems. Symptoms commonly associated with congenital intracranial AVMs include headaches, seizures, weakness or numbness in limbs, difficulty speaking or understanding language, and problems with vision or coordination.
The exact cause of congenital intracranial AVMs is unknown, but researchers believe that genetic factors play a role. They are known to affect both males and females equally, and complications can arise at any age, although they are most commonly diagnosed in young adults.
Treatment for congenital intracranial AVMs often depends on the size, location, and symptoms associated with the malformation. Options may include surgical removal of the AVM, embolization (blocking blood flow to the AVM), or radiation therapy. In some cases, a combination of these treatments may be used. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential to ensure the long-term health and well-being of individuals with congenital intracranial AVMs.
