The spelling of "conflict diamonds" follows the standard pronunciation rules in English. The word "conflict" is spelled with a /k/ sound, as indicated by the letter "c," and the stress falls on the first syllable. The word "diamonds" is spelled with a /d/ sound, as indicated by the letter "d," and the stress falls on the second syllable. The correct pronunciation is /ˈkɒnflɪkt ˈdaɪəmənds/, where the schwa sound /ə/ is used in the second syllable of "diamonds". Conflict diamonds are diamonds that are illegally traded to fund wars and violence in African countries.
Conflict diamonds, also known as blood diamonds, are rough diamonds that are mined in areas controlled by rebel forces or other insurgent groups which use the profits from diamond sales to fund armed conflicts against legitimate governments. These diamonds are typically sourced from countries plagued with civil wars, instability, and political unrest, where the diamond trade is exploited to finance violence and fuel conflicts.
The term "conflict diamonds" gained international attention in the late 1990s due to their association with human rights abuses, widespread violence, and the exploitation of workers in diamond mines. These diamonds are primarily found in countries such as Angola, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Zimbabwe, where armed groups control mining regions and trade in illicit diamonds, often operating outside any legal framework.
The extraction and trade of conflict diamonds often involve illegal and harmful practices, including forced labor, child labor, violence against miners, smuggling, and money laundering. These diamonds are typically sold on black markets, bypassing official diamond certification systems such as the Kimberley Process, which aims to ensure that diamonds are ethically sourced and do not support armed conflict.
Efforts to address the issue of conflict diamonds have led to initiatives like the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, which requires that diamonds be accompanied by a government-issued certificate declaring them conflict-free. This scheme aims to regulate the international diamond trade and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate market.
The term "conflict diamonds" emerged as a result of the global efforts to address the issue of diamonds that were being used to fund armed conflicts, particularly in Africa. The etymology of the phrase can be understood as follows:
1. Conflict: The word "conflict" originates from the Latin word "conflictus", which means "a striking together" or "collision". It has a broader meaning of a struggle, fight, or clash between opposing forces. In the context of conflict diamonds, it refers to the presence of armed conflicts fueled by the trade of these diamonds.
2. Diamonds: The word "diamond" comes from the ancient Greek word "adámas", meaning "unbreakable" or "invincible". It entered the English language through Old French and has been associated with precious gemstones used in jewelry due to their rarity, beauty, and durability.