A confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) refers to an agricultural system where large numbers of animals are raised in a confined space, typically for the purpose of meat, egg, or milk production. CAFOs are commonly used in modern industrial farming practices.
In a CAFO, animals such as cattle, swine, or poultry are kept indoors, often in overcrowded conditions, and are restricted in their movements. The animals are typically housed in buildings or barns where they are provided with feed, water, and appropriate ventilation systems.
The primary objective of a CAFO is to maximize production efficiency. Animals in CAFOs are fed high-energy diets to promote rapid growth and to optimize production levels. These operations employ various intensive husbandry practices, including the use of antibiotics or hormones to prevent the spread of diseases or to enhance growth.
CAFOs have faced increasing scrutiny and criticism due to multiple concerns. Health and environmental issues are among the major concerns related to CAFOs. The concentration of animals in a confined space increases the likelihood of disease outbreaks, which can have significant impacts on animal and human health. Moreover, CAFOs generate substantial amounts of animal waste, which, if not properly managed, can contribute to water pollution and other environmental problems.
Efforts are being made to regulate and monitor CAFOs more effectively to ensure the welfare of animals, protect public health, and minimize environmental impacts. Various countries have instituted laws and regulations to govern and monitor the operations of CAFOs, striving to strike a balance between efficient production and sustainable practices.
