Cone biopsy, also known as a conization or a cone excision, is a surgical procedure performed on the cervix to remove a cone-shaped tissue sample for further examination. It is typically conducted when abnormal cervical cells are found during a Pap smear, colposcopy, or biopsy.
During a cone biopsy, the patient is placed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation. The surgeon uses a sharp knife, laser, or electrosurgical loop to remove a cone-shaped wedge of tissue from the cervix. The size of the cone may vary depending on the extent of abnormal cells found, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters.
Once the tissue is removed, it is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The examination aims to determine the presence and extent of abnormal cells, such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer. The results guide the medical professionals in developing an appropriate treatment plan, if necessary, and to determine the stage and grade of the abnormality.
After the procedure, patients may experience mild discomfort, vaginal bleeding, or discharge for several weeks. It is advisable to avoid sexual intercourse, tampons, and strenuous activities during the recovery period. Postoperative care, including regular follow-ups and additional treatments, may be recommended based on the biopsy results.
Cone biopsy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the detection and management of cervical abnormalities. It allows a precise examination of abnormal cervical tissue, aiding in accurate diagnosis and ensuring appropriate subsequent treatment measures.
