Complement Factor I (CFI) is a pivotal protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the complement system, which is an important component of the immune system. Complement refers to a group of proteins that work together to defend against harmful pathogens, aid in the removal of damaged cells, and facilitate the inflammatory response.
CFI is a serine protease enzyme that is primarily synthesized by the liver and is known to be involved in the regulation of the alternative pathway of the complement system. It acts as a key negative regulator and helps maintain the delicate balance between activation and inhibition of the complement cascade.
The main function of CFI is to cleave and inactivate several complement system proteins, including C3b, C4b, and C5b, thereby preventing excessive complement activation and limiting collateral tissue damage. By breaking down these activated complement components, CFI efficiently controls and terminates the complement response, preventing it from causing harm to healthy tissues.
Deficiencies or mutations in the CFI gene can lead to dysregulation of the immune response, making individuals more susceptible to infections and autoimmune diseases. Additionally, abnormal CFI activity has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and certain kidney disorders.
In summary, Complement Factor I is a vital protein involved in regulating the complement system, ensuring a balanced immune response and preventing damage to healthy tissues.
