Common white dogwood, scientifically known as Cornus florida, is a deciduous flowering tree native to eastern and central North America. It belongs to the genus Cornus and falls under the family Cornaceae. This tree is renowned for its stunning white flowers, occurring in spring or early summer, which adorn the branches in clusters or umbels. Each flower, measuring about 2-4 inches wide, consists of four large, oval-shaped, white bracts surrounding tiny yellowish flowers in the center.
With an average height ranging from 15 to 30 feet, the common white dogwood boasts a round to spreading crown that provides an elegant appearance. Its bark possesses a grey-brown color, becoming scaly with age. As for the foliage, it showcases opposite leaves, elliptical to oval in shape, with an attractive deep green color that transforms into purplish-red hues in the autumn season.
This dogwood species is well-known for its ability to attract numerous pollinators, including bees and butterflies, which aid in the process of cross-pollination. It typically thrives in moist, well-drained soils and can tolerate partial shade to full sun exposure. Additionally, the common white dogwood is highly valued as an ornamental tree, adorning gardens, parks, and landscapes with its vibrant floral displays and autumn coloration.
Moreover, the fruits of the common white dogwood are oval, bright to dark red in color, and are a vital food source for various bird species and small mammals. The tree’s wood is hard and dense, often employed in the crafting of small tools, including mallets and chisels. Furthermore, extracting dyes and medicinal uses have been associated with different parts of the common white dogwood.
