The common raven, also known as Corvus corax, is a large black bird with a distinctive croaking call. Its name is spelled using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as /ˈkɑː.mən ˈreɪ.vən/. The first syllable is pronounced with the open back unrounded vowel /ɑː/, followed by the stressed second syllable with the diphthong /eɪ/, and the final syllable with the unstressed neutral vowel /ən/. The spelling of the word "common raven" accurately reflects its phonetic pronunciation.
The common raven, scientifically known as Corvus corax, is a large passerine bird belonging to the Corvidae family. It is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting various regions including Europe, North America, Asia, and North Africa. This iconic bird is renowned for its intelligence, versatility, and adaptability.
With a striking appearance, the common raven is one of the largest songbirds, measuring around 56 to 69 centimeters long and weighing between 0.7 and 2 kilograms. Its overall plumage is glossy black, and it possesses a strong, curved bill and shaggy throat feathers. Its vocalizations are diverse, ranging from harsh croaks and high-pitched whistles to complex imitations of other bird calls.
The common raven is an extremely adaptable species, displaying a wide range of behaviors and abilities. It is an opportunistic omnivore, feeding on various items such as carrion, insects, fruits, eggs, small mammals, and even garbage. Ravens are known for their resourcefulness, problem-solving skills, and clever survival techniques.
These birds are highly social, often seen in pairs or congregating in large groups called "unkindness" or "conspiracy." They form lifelong bonds and engage in cooperative behaviors like mobbing predators or sharing food. The common raven also exhibits remarkable flying skills, including aerial acrobatics and soaring at high altitudes.
In mythology, folklore, and various cultural traditions, the common raven holds diverse symbolic meanings. It is often associated with intelligence, wisdom, foresight, prophecies, and even trickery.
Overall, the common raven is a distinctive and versatile bird, capturing the imagination and interest of humans throughout history.
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The etymology of the term "common raven" traces back to the Middle English word "raven" which originated from the Old English word "hræfn". Both of these words were derived from the Proto-Germanic word "hrabanaz". The term "common" refers to the widespread presence of this particular species of raven, known as Corvus corax, across various regions. Therefore, the combination of "common" and "raven" specifically refers to this widely distributed raven species.