Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, commonly found in children and adolescents. Lymphoblastic leukemia refers to the rapid proliferation of immature white blood cells, specifically lymphocytes, in the bone marrow. In the case of common ALL, the term "common" refers to the subtype that comprises the majority of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias.
In common ALL, abnormal white blood cells known as lymphoblasts are produced in large quantities. These lymphoblasts are not fully developed and fail to function normally, leading to an impaired immune system response. Due to their uncontrolled growth, the lymphoblasts overcrowd the bone marrow, which affects the production of healthy blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Consequently, common ALL can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, bone and joint pain, and anemia.
Common ALL is diagnosed through various tests, including blood tests, bone marrow aspiration, and lumbar puncture, to determine the presence of abnormal blood cells and assess the extent of the disease. Treatment for common ALL typically involves chemotherapy, which aims to destroy leukemia cells in the bone marrow and other parts of the body. In some cases, radiation therapy and stem cell transplantation may also be used based on the individual's response to treatment and risk factors.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment have greatly improved the prognosis for children with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia. With advances in medical technology and research, the survival rates continue to improve, and numerous support programs are available to assist patients and their families throughout their treatment journey.
