A comedo is a common dermatological condition characterized by the formation of a small, non-inflammatory skin lesion, typically found on the face, chest, shoulders, and back. Also known as a blackhead, a comedo occurs when the opening of a hair follicle becomes clogged with a combination of excess sebum, dead skin cells, and dirt, leading to the appearance of a darkened plug on the skin surface.
Comedones can be divided into two types: open comedones (blackheads) and closed comedones (whiteheads). An open comedo forms when the clogged pore remains open, allowing the oxidation of its contents, resulting in a darkened appearance. Conversely, a closed comedo has a closed pore, preventing oxidation of its content, resulting in a white or flesh-colored appearance.
In general, comedones are considered to be non-inflammatory lesions, meaning they are not typically associated with redness, swelling, or pain. However, if comedones become inflamed or infected, they can transition into more severe conditions such as acne vulgaris, leading to the formation of pimples and even cysts.
Treatment for comedones often involves regular cleansing, exfoliation, and the use of over-the-counter or prescription medications, such as topical retinoids or salicylic acid, to help unclog the pores and promote skin cell turnover. In some cases, extraction procedures may be performed by dermatologists to remove stubborn comedones.
