Coarticulation (/ˌkoʊ.ɑr.tɪk.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/) is a term used in linguistics to describe the way in which speech sounds are produced in relation to each other. The spelling of the word reflects its pronunciation, as it contains two syllables (co- and articulation) and multiple vowel sounds. The first syllable, "co-", is pronounced with the /oʊ/ sound, while the second syllable, "articulation", contains a schwa sound (/ə/). The word also includes a cluster of consonants (/rt/) and ends with the /ʃən/ sound.
Coarticulation refers to the phenomenon in linguistics where the production of one speech sound is influenced by the anticipation or preparation for the production of neighboring sounds. It is the simultaneous arrangement and coordination of articulatory movements involved in the production of consecutive speech sounds. During coarticulation, the articulatory organs, such as the tongue, lips, and vocal cords, adjust their positions and movements to facilitate smooth and efficient transitions between sounds.
Coarticulation can manifest in various ways. For instance, the quality of a vowel may be modified when it is followed by a particular consonant, causing the vowel to adopt some characteristics of the upcoming sound. This can lead to changes in vowel duration, nasalization, or even complete assimilation. Similarly, consonants can also influence each other, resulting in changes in their voicing, manner of articulation, or even the place of articulation.
The process of coarticulation plays a crucial role in human speech because it allows for rapid and continuous production of sounds, facilitating smooth and effortless speech. It helps to reduce the effort required for articulation and promotes the overall fluency and naturalness of speech. Coarticulation also contributes to the robustness of speech perception, allowing listeners to comprehend spoken language even with variations in articulation.
Understanding coarticulation is essential for phoneticians, speech therapists, and those interested in studying the production and perception of speech. By analyzing how sounds interact and influence each other during coarticulation, researchers can gain insights into the mechanics of speech production and different phonetic patterns across languages.
1. A joining together. 2. An articulation.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
The word "coarticulation" is derived from two Latin roots: "co" which means "together" or "with", and "articulation" which refers to the act of producing speech sounds. "Articulation" comes from the Latin word "articulus" meaning "joint" or "small part". Therefore, "coarticulation" can be understood as the process of producing two or more speech sounds together or in coordination.