Coarctation of the aorta, also known as aortic coarctation, is a congenital heart defect that involves a narrowing or constriction of the aorta. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. In this condition, the narrowing occurs near the site where the ductus arteriosus, a temporary fetal blood vessel, usually closes after birth.
This narrowing of the aorta obstructs or restricts blood flow, resulting in increased pressure in the upper body and reduced blood flow to the lower body. Coarctation of the aorta can vary in severity, ranging from mild to severe, and it may be present at different locations within the aorta.
Some common symptoms of coarctation of the aorta include high blood pressure in the arms, but low blood pressure in the legs, as well as poor circulation and weak or absent pulses in the lower extremities. Additional symptoms may include headaches, nosebleeds, shortness of breath, chest pain, and cold feet or legs.
If left untreated, coarctation of the aorta can lead to serious complications, such as heart failure, enlargement of the heart, aneurysm, or rupture of the aorta. Treatment usually involves surgical intervention to relieve the obstruction and restore normal blood flow. In some cases, a stent or balloon catheter can also be used to widen the narrowed area during a minimally invasive procedure.
Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential for individuals with coarctation of the aorta to manage blood pressure, ensure proper growth and development, and prevent complications.
