The word "Cnidoblast" is a term used to describe the stinging cells in the tentacles of jellyfish and other related organisms. The word is pronounced /naɪdəʊblæst/ and is spelled with a "C" instead of a "K" due to its Greek origin. The "C" is pronounced like an "S" in English, as in the word "century". The "Nido" part of the word derives from the Greek word for "nest", and "Blast" means "germ cell" in Greek. Thus, Cnidoblast refers to a "nest" for "germ cells".
A cnidoblast refers to a specialized cell found in various species of cnidarians, such as jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals. It is primarily responsible for the delivery of venom or toxins during the defensive or predatory actions of these organisms. Cnidoblasts are unique to cnidarians and are essential components of their highly efficient and highly specialized stinging mechanisms.
These cells possess a capsule-like structure known as a cnidocyst that holds a microscopic, coiled tubule. When triggered by specific external stimuli, such as physical touch or chemical signals, the cnidoblast undergoes a rapid transformation. This results in the capsule discharging its tubule, forcefully injecting venom or toxins, usually immobilizing prey or deterring potential threats.
The venom found within these cells can cause a variety of effects depending on the species and type of cnidoblast. Symptoms may range from mild irritation, such as redness and itching, to severe pain, tissue damage, and even death in some cases. Therefore, cnidoblasts play a crucial role in both offense and defense for cnidarians, contributing to their survival and adaptation in different ecological habitats.
Scientists study cnidoblasts to understand the complexity and diversity of cnidarian defense mechanisms, leading to potential applications in medicine, toxinology, and drug discovery. The study of these specialized cells continues to provide valuable insights into the fascinating world of cnidarians and their interactions with other organisms in marine ecosystems.
The word cnidoblast is derived from the combination of two Greek terms: cnido, meaning nettle or stinging, and blast, meaning germ or bud.