CLL or Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia is a medical term referring to a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is a form of leukemia characterized by the growth of abnormal white blood cells, specifically lymphocytes, which are the body's infection-fighting cells. Unlike acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), CLL progresses slowly over time.
In CLL, the abnormal lymphocytes accumulate in the bone marrow and blood, interfering with the production and function of normal blood cells. This can lead to a weakened immune system, anemia, and an increased risk of infections. The exact cause of CLL is unknown, but certain risk factors such as genetic mutations and exposure to certain chemicals or radiation have been identified.
Symptoms of CLL may vary, but commonly include fatigue, enlarged lymph nodes, weight loss, frequent infections, and easy bleeding or bruising. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that detect abnormal levels of lymphocytes and certain characteristic genetic changes.
Treatment options for CLL vary depending on the stage and severity of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatment strategies include watchful waiting for early-stage CLL, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation for advanced cases. The goal of treatment is to control the growth of abnormal cells and manage symptoms, with an emphasis on improving the patient's quality of life.
In summary, CLL is a slow-growing type of leukemia characterized by the accumulation of abnormal lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow, leading to a weakened immune system and other health complications.
