Pronunciation: [klˈɪf] (IPA) 
The spelling of the word "cliff" is straightforward, with only one "f" and two syllables pronounced as /klɪf/. The "c" represents the voiceless velar stop sound /k/, while the "i" and "ff" represent the short vowel sound /ɪ/ and the voiceless labiodental fricative sound /f/ respectively. This word refers to a steep, high rock formation that overlooks a body of water or a valley, making it a common nature sightseeing attraction for tourists.
A cliff is a geological formation characterized by a vertical or near-vertical face of rock or earth stretching upwards from a base. It is generally formed by processes such as erosion, weathering, or tectonic activity. Cliffs can range in size from small outcroppings to immense, towering structures. They are typically found in areas with elevated terrain, such as mountains, hills, or coastlines.
The defining characteristic of a cliff is its steepness, which sets it apart from other landforms. Its near-vertical face makes it difficult for vegetation to grow, as well as for humans and animals to safely navigate. Cliffs often offer spectacular views due to their elevated position, and they can serve as landmarks or points of interest for tourism and outdoor activities.
Cliffs can be created through different geological processes. Water erosion plays a significant role, as rivers or waves gradually eat away at the base of a slope, causing its upper section to become more vertical. Additionally, weathering from wind, freezing, or heating and cooling can contribute to the formation of cliffs.
Cliffs hold both practical and symbolic importance. They may provide natural defense barriers, preventing access or serving as territorial boundaries. Symbolically, cliffs can represent obstacles, challenges, or boundaries in literature, art, and metaphoric expressions, often highlighting the notion of conquering or overcoming them.
Overall, cliffs exhibit unique geological features, geological significance, and cultural importance, and their presence contributes to the diversity and beauty of various landscapes around the world.
• A steep bank; a high and steep rock.
• In music-see clef.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
* The statistics data for these misspellings percentages are collected from over 15,411,110 spell check sessions on www.spellchecker.net from Jan 2010 - Jun 2012.
The word "cliff" originates from the Old English word "clif", which has its roots in the Proto-Germanic word "klifą". In turn, this Proto-Germanic term is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "*gleibʰ", meaning "to adhere or stick". This association with sticking or adhering refers to the steepness or verticality of a cliff, as if it were sticking or hanging from the earth. The term has retained its essence through various Germanic languages, including Old Saxon "klif", Old Norse "klif", Dutch "klif", and German "Klippe". Over the centuries, the word has remained relatively consistent and continues to be used in many modern languages to describe a steep, vertical rock face.
