The word "cleave" is one of the most confusing words in the English language when it comes to spelling. It can be pronounced as "kleev" or "kleev," depending on the context. The pronunciation "kleev" is typically used when it means to split or chop something apart. On the other hand, "kleev" is used when it means to stick together or adhere. This confusion comes from the fact that "cleave" has two completely different meanings, which makes it difficult to know which spelling to use.
Cleave is a verb that can have two different meanings, depending on its context.
1. When used with the preposition "to" or "unto," cleave means to adhere firmly or cling together. In this sense, it refers to being strongly attached or sticking to something or someone. For example, a person might say, "She cleaved unto her beliefs," indicating a steadfast adherence or loyalty. It can also be used to describe the act of sticking two things together, as in "The glue will cleave the pieces of wood together."
2. When used without a preposition, cleave means to split or divide, often with significant force or precision. It implies an action of severing or splitting something apart. For example, a person might say, "He cleaved the log with a single swing of the axe," highlighting a clean and powerful splitting action. Similarly, it can be used metaphorically to describe a division or separation between concepts or ideas, as in "Their beliefs about the issue cleave them into two opposing groups."
In both senses, "cleave" conveys a sense of strong attachment or separation, depending on the context of its usage. The versatility of this word allows it to capture both literal and metaphorical divisions, providing a vivid image of either tight adherence or forceful separation.
• To adhere to; to stick to; to be united in interest or affection.
• To split; to part or divide by force; to crack; to part; to open.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "cleave" has a fascinating etymology. It originated from two distinct Old English verbs, which eventually merged into a single word with contradictory meanings.
1. Cleave (meaning "to split or sever"): This usage of "cleave" comes from the Old English word "clēofan", which means "to split or separate". It is related to other Germanic words like German "klauben" and Dutch "kloven", which have a similar meaning.
2. Cleave (meaning "to adhere or stick together"): This usage of "cleave" comes from the Old English word "clifian" or "clīfan", meaning "to adhere, stick, or cling". This sense is derived from the Proto-Germanic word "klibaną", which has various cognates across Germanic languages, including German "kleben" and Dutch "kleven".