Class I genes refer to a distinct group of genes that play a crucial role in the field of immunology and genetics. These genes are specifically involved in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) system, which is responsible for presenting antigens to the immune system and regulating immune responses.
Class I genes are a subset of MHC genes and are found in vertebrates, including humans. They code for cell surface glycoproteins, known as MHC class I molecules, that are expressed on the surface of most nucleated cells. These molecules interact with specialized immune cells called cytotoxic T cells, also known as CD8+ T cells.
The primary function of class I genes is to present antigenic peptides, derived from intracellular pathogens or abnormal cellular processes (such as cancer), to cytotoxic T cells. This allows the immune system to identify infected or abnormal cells and eliminate them.
In humans, the class I genes are highly polymorphic, meaning that they exist in multiple forms or variants in the population. This genetic variability is essential for the immune system's ability to recognize a wide range of pathogens. The class I genes are classified into several subtypes, such as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C in humans, each having multiple alleles.
Overall, class I genes are pivotal in the immune response and contribute to maintaining the integrity and function of the immune system by enabling the recognition and elimination of infected or abnormal cells.
