Citrulline is a nonessential amino acid that plays a vital role in the urea cycle. This word derives from the Latin word Citrullus, meaning watermelon, which is a natural source of citrulline. The phonetic transcription of citrulline in IPA is /ˌsɪt.rʌl.ɪn/, which highlights the stress on the first syllable and the presence of two "L" sounds in the middle. The spelling of citrulline is unique and can be tricky to memorize, but it is essential to spell it correctly in scientific and medical contexts.
Citrulline is an amino acid that is synthesized within the body and can also be found in certain foods. It is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that the body can produce it on its own. Citrulline plays a vital role in the urea cycle, which is responsible for eliminating toxic ammonia from the body.
In the urea cycle, citrulline is converted into another amino acid called arginine. Arginine then undergoes further transformations in the cycle, ultimately resulting in the production of urea, a waste product that is excreted by the kidneys. This process helps maintain the balance of nitrogen in the body and prevents the accumulation of harmful ammonia.
Citrulline is also known for its potential health benefits. It is commonly used as a dietary supplement to improve exercise performance and support cardiovascular health. Some studies suggest that citrulline supplementation may enhance nitric oxide production, leading to improved blood flow and reduced blood pressure. This amino acid is also believed to have a positive impact on muscle protein synthesis and recovery.
Naturally occurring sources of citrulline include watermelon, cucumbers, and other melons. However, the levels of citrulline found in foods are often not sufficient to provide significant therapeutic effects, hence the popularity of citrulline supplements. It is worth noting that citrulline is generally considered safe for consumption, but as with any dietary supplement, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before adding it to your regimen.
The word "citrulline" derives from the Latin term "citrus", meaning "citrus fruit". It is named after the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), where it was first discovered in 1914 by Koga and Odake. This compound was isolated from watermelon extract and named "citrulline" due to its presence in the fruit.