Cicuta, a genus of poisonous plants, is spelled with the phonetic transcription [sɪˈkjuːtə]. The "c" is pronounced as "s" and the following "i" is pronounced as "ɪ". The "cu" is pronounced as "ku" and the "t" is pronounced as "tə". The emphasis is on the second syllable, "ku". The spelling of cicuta is derived from Latin, where it means "hemlock". Cicuta is known for its toxic qualities, containing the deadly chemical cicutoxin, which can cause convulsions and respiratory failure.
Cicuta is a noun referring to a genus of highly toxic plants that belong to the Apiaceae family. It is commonly known as water hemlock and encompasses several species, including Cicuta virosa and Cicuta douglasii. These plants are perennial and typically found in wet habitats such as marshes, streamsides, and swamps.
The term "cicuta" is often used to describe the genus as a whole, but it can also specifically refer to Cicuta maculata, commonly known as spotted water hemlock. This species is known for its white flowers arranged in umbels and its distinctive pinnately compound leaves.
Cicuta plants contain a potent neurotoxin called cicutoxin, which can be fatal if ingested. The toxin affects the central nervous system and can cause seizures, paralysis, and respiratory failure. Cicuta poisoning can occur in humans or animals that consume any part of the plant, including the roots, stems, leaves, or seeds. Due to the extreme toxicity, even a small amount of cicuta can be deadly.
Historically, cicuta has been used as a method of execution, particularly in ancient Greece, where it was used to prepare hemlock poison. In modern times, it is crucial to exercise caution and avoid contact with any known species of cicuta, as accidental ingestion or direct contact can result in severe poisoning.
A genus of umbelliferous plants, sometimes confused with Conium.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
The word "cicuta" can refer to two different things, and therefore, has two different etymologies.
1. Cicuta as a plant (genus of poisonous plants):
The word "cicuta" for the genus of poisonous plants, also known as water hemlock, derives from Latin. In Latin, the word was "cicūta", which had the same meaning. The origins of this Latin word, however, are uncertain. It has been suggested that "cicūta" might be related to the Greek word "kíkhē", which also refers to a poisonous plant.
2. Cicuta as an ancient Roman punishment:
In ancient Rome, "cicuta" was a term referring to a punishment involving poisoning. It comes from the Latin word "cicutārius", which means "one who uses cicuta".