Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain condition that is typically characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal protein called tau. It is primarily associated with repetitive head injuries, particularly in contact sports such as boxing, American football, and ice hockey.
The condition is considered chronic because it develops over a prolonged period, usually years or even decades, after repetitive traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). CTE sufferers may experience a range of symptoms, including memory loss, confusion, impaired judgment, personality changes, depression, anxiety, aggression, and difficulties with balance and motor skills.
The defining feature of CTE is the progressive degeneration of brain tissue, particularly in areas associated with mood, memory, and executive functioning. These changes manifest as the abnormal accumulation of tau protein in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, which disrupt the normal functioning of brain cells.
Diagnosing CTE is challenging during a person's lifetime, as it can only be definitively determined through post-mortem examination of the brain. However, medical professionals can suspect CTE based on the individual's history of head trauma, symptoms, and cognitive decline.
The understanding of CTE has significantly advanced in recent years, leading to increased awareness and preventive measures in contact sports. Efforts to reduce the risk of repetitive head injuries, improve protective equipment, and implement strict concussion protocols have become common strategies to mitigate the development and progression of CTE.
