Chronic Atrophic Polychondritis (CAP) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and degeneration of cartilaginous tissues throughout the body. The condition primarily affects the cartilage in the ears, nose, joints, and respiratory tract.
In CAP, the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages healthy cartilage, leading to its progressive thinning (atrophy) and deterioration. This ongoing inflammation causes symptoms such as recurrent episodes of pain, tenderness, swelling, and deformity in the affected areas. Commonly, individuals with CAP may experience discomfort in the ears, resulting in a "floppy" appearance. Nasal inflammation can cause a saddle-shaped deformity of the nose, and joint pain and swelling can lead to arthritis-like symptoms.
CAP is considered a chronic condition, as the inflammation and tissue damage persist over time. The exact cause of CAP remains unclear, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. The condition is more prevalent in middle-aged adults, although it can occur at any age.
Diagnosis of CAP is often challenging due to its rarity and overlapping symptoms with other conditions. It typically involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, imaging tests (such as CT scan or MRI), and sometimes biopsy of affected cartilage.
Treatment focuses on symptom management and reducing inflammation, usually through the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive medications. In severe cases, surgical interventions may be necessary to correct deformities or address airway obstructions caused by cartilage damage. Regular monitoring and periodic evaluations are essential to optimize the management and quality of life for individuals with Chronic Atrophic Polychondritis.
