Chorea insaniens, also known as "Sydenham's chorea" or "St. Vitus' dance," is a rare neurological disorder characterized by the sudden onset of involuntary, rapid, and irregular muscle movements. The movements may be excessive, jerky, and appear purposeless, affecting various parts of the body including the limbs, face, and torso. These movements are often described as being writhing or dancing-like in nature, and can be disturbing and debilitating for the affected individuals. The term "chorea" comes from the Greek word meaning "dance."
Chorea insaniens typically occurs following an untreated or inadequately treated infection, most commonly with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacteria. It is considered a manifestation of rheumatic fever, an inflammatory condition that affects various tissues in the body, including the brain. It predominantly affects children and adolescents, particularly females.
In addition to the physical symptoms, individuals with chorea insaniens may also experience emotional and behavioral changes. These can include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, and difficulties with concentration and memory. Cognitive impairments may also arise, affecting academic and social functioning.
Treatment for chorea insaniens focuses on managing the underlying infection and reducing the severity of symptoms. This often involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the inflammatory response, as well as symptomatic treatment with medications such as antipsychotics, sedatives, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Rehabilitation therapies such as physical and occupational therapy may be employed to improve motor coordination and function.
With proper treatment, most individuals with chorea insaniens experience a gradual improvement in symptoms over a period of weeks to months. However, some individuals may continue to experience residual movement problems and cognitive difficulties even after the acute phase of the illness
