Chills and fever, also known as "pyrexia," refers to a medical condition characterized by alternating episodes of shivering and feeling cold (chills) followed by a significant rise in body temperature (fever). This condition is commonly associated with several underlying infections, particularly those caused by bacteria or viruses.
Chills typically manifest as involuntary muscle contractions, leading to shaking and a feeling of extreme coldness. This is often accompanied by raised hairs on the skin and the individual may even experience teeth chattering or having difficulty speaking due to the intense shivering.
Following the chills, the body temperature increases significantly, resulting in fever. This can vary from a few degrees above the normal temperature (which is around 98.6°F or 37°C) to extremely high temperatures, depending on the severity and cause of the underlying infection. Fever often brings about feelings of warmth, flushed skin, and excessive perspiration.
Chills and fever are often accompanied by other symptoms such as body aches, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, and even respiratory symptoms like coughing and congestion. The immune system response triggered by infections is responsible for the heightened body temperature and subsequent fever.
Treatment for chills and fever focuses on addressing the underlying infection. This may involve using over-the-counter medications to reduce fever, ensuring adequate rest, staying hydrated, and in severe cases, prescribing specific antibiotics or antiviral medications. Seeking medical attention is recommended to determine the cause of the symptoms and receive appropriate treatment.
