Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects chickens, belonging to the family Circoviridae and the genus Gyrovirus. It is characterized by anemia and immunosuppression, primarily affecting young chickens.
CIAV is transmitted vertically from infected hens to their offspring through the egg, as well as horizontally through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated fomites. The virus primarily targets the bone marrow, where it infects and destroys the cells responsible for producing red blood cells, leading to anemia. Additionally, it suppresses the immune system, making the infected birds more susceptible to secondary infections.
Symptoms of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus may include pale combs, lethargy, weight loss, poor growth, anemia, and increased mortality rates. Affected chickens often exhibit a reduced ability to produce antibodies, leading to immunodeficiency. Infected flocks may also experience decreased egg production and fertility. Mortality rates range from low to high, depending on the severity of the infection and the presence of other concurrent diseases.
Prevention and control measures for Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus consist of strict biosecurity practices, such as disinfection and isolation of infected birds or flocks. Proper management practices, including vaccination, can also help minimize the impact of the disease. Timely detection and prompt eradication of affected birds are crucial to prevent the spread of the virus to other poultry populations.
Overall, Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus poses a significant economic threat to the poultry industry due to reduced production efficiency and increased mortality rates.
