Chicken Anemia Agent (CAA) is a highly contagious viral pathogen that affects chickens, causing a severe and potentially fatal disease known as chicken anemia. CAA belongs to the family Circoviridae and is classified as a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus, specifically in the genus Gyrovirus.
The CAA infects young chicks, generally between one and three weeks old, and primarily affects their red bone marrow, lymphoid tissues, and biopotent stem cells. This pathogen suppresses the immune system of infected birds, leading to increased susceptibility to secondary infections and diseases.
Symptoms of a CAA-infected chicken include significant weight loss, anemia, pale combs, decreased growth rates, and increased mortality rates. Additionally, affected chickens may show signs of immunosuppression, such as increased vulnerability to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections.
Chicken Anemia Agent is transmitted vertically from infected hens to their offspring through the egg. Horizontal transmission can occur through direct or indirect contact with infected birds, contaminated equipment, or contaminated environments. Strict biosecurity measures should be implemented to prevent the spread of CAA within poultry farms or flocks.
Vaccination is the primary method for preventing and controlling chicken anemia caused by CAA. Genetic selection for resistance and improved husbandry practices are also important strategies in combating the disease. Prompt diagnosis and isolation of infected birds are vital to preventing the spread of CAA within poultry populations.
