Charles I of England, born on November 19, 1600, and reigning from 1625 until his execution in 1649, was the second son of James I of England. He ascended the throne after the death of his father, becoming the first monarch of the Stuart dynasty. Charles I's reign was marked by significant conflicts between the monarchy and Parliament, culminating in the English Civil War.
As a monarch, Charles I believed in the divine right of kings, maintaining that his authority came from God alone and that he had absolute power over his kingdom. His controversial policies, such as levying taxes without Parliament's consent, imposition of religious reforms, and negative relations with Scotland and Ireland, stirred discontent among various factions.
The conflict between Charles I and Parliament escalated due to disputes over religious freedom, political power, and financial control. The English Civil War erupted in 1642 when the Royalists (supporters of the king) fought against the Parliamentarians (led by Oliver Cromwell). After several years of intense struggle, the Parliamentarians emerged victorious, capturing Charles I and putting him on trial for treason.
Charles I was found guilty and executed by beheading on January 30, 1649, in front of the Banqueting House in London. His execution marked a significant turning point in English history, leading to the temporary abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell's rule. Charles I's life and death became emblematic of the struggle for power between the monarchy and Parliament, and his reign remains a pivotal moment in the evolution of constitutional monarchy in England.
